Astigmatism is a common vision disorder caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, which prevents light from focusing properly on the retina. This condition can cause blurry or distorted vision at both near and far distances. Astigmatism is usually congenital, but it can also progress over time or develop after eye injuries or surgical procedures.
Causes of Astigmatism
The main causes of astigmatism include:
- Genetic Predisposition: The condition is more likely to occur in individuals with a family history of astigmatism.
- Corneal or Lens Shape Abnormality: An oval or irregular shape of the cornea or lens prevents proper focus of light on the retina.
- Eye Injuries and Surgeries: Trauma or surgical procedures can lead to the development of astigmatism.
- Aging: Structural changes in the eye due to aging may trigger astigmatism.
Symptoms of Astigmatism
Symptoms of astigmatism can vary between individuals, but commonly include:
- Blurry or distorted vision (at both near and far distances)
- Eye fatigue and headaches
- Difficulty with night vision
- The need to squint
- Double vision or shadowed images
Degrees of Astigmatism
Astigmatism is measured in diopters (D) on glasses or contact lens prescriptions:
- Low Astigmatism: Between 0.25D and 1.00D
- Moderate Astigmatism: Between 1.00D and 3.00D
- High Astigmatism: 3.00D and above
Treatment Methods for Astigmatism
Astigmatism can be corrected using various methods:
- Glasses and Contact Lenses: The most commonly used methods. Toric lenses are specially designed to correct astigmatism.
- Laser Eye Surgery (LASIK, PRK): Surgical procedures offering a permanent solution by reshaping the cornea to focus light properly.
- Orthokeratology (Night Lenses): Special rigid lenses worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea.
Preventing Astigmatism
To slow down or prevent the progression of astigmatism, the following steps are recommended:
- Limit screen time and rest your eyes regularly
- Work under proper lighting conditions
- Spend time outdoors in daylight daily
- Have regular eye examinations
Astigmatism is a common vision disorder that affects quality of life. However, it can be managed effectively with proper treatment and preventive care. Don’t neglect regular eye check-ups to maintain your eye health!