Myopia is one of the refractive errors of the eye and is defined as the inability to see distant objects clearly. People with myopia can see nearby objects clearly, while distant objects appear blurry. This condition occurs when the eyeball is longer than normal or when the cornea and lens bend light too much, causing light to focus in front of the retina.
Causes of Myopia
Myopia can occur due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The main causes include:- Genetic Predisposition: Children of individuals with myopia are more likely to develop the condition.
- Environmental Factors: Working for long periods at close distances (computers, reading), insufficient exposure to daylight, and habits that negatively affect eye health can contribute to the development of myopia.
Symptoms of Myopia
Myopia usually appears during childhood or adolescence and may progress over time. Common symptoms include:
- Blurry vision of distant objects
- Squinting
- Headaches and eye fatigue
- Difficulty seeing at night
Degrees of Myopia
Myopia is measured by the diopter (D) value indicated in a glasses or contact lens prescription:
- Low Myopia: Between -0.25D and -3.00D
- Moderate Myopia: Between -3.00D and -6.00D
- High Myopia: -6.00D and above
Treatment Methods for Myopia
Myopia can be corrected through various methods:
- Glasses and Contact Lenses: The most commonly used methods. Concave lenses correctly focus light onto the retina.
- Laser Eye Surgery (LASIK, PRK): Surgical procedures that offer a permanent solution. The cornea is reshaped to ensure correct focusing of light.
- Orthokeratology (Night Lenses): Special rigid lenses worn overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea.
- Atropine Drops: A treatment method used to slow the progression of myopia.
Methods to Prevent Myopia
The following steps are recommended to slow or prevent the progression of myopia:
- Spend time outdoors in daylight daily
- Limit screen time and rest your eyes regularly
- Work under proper lighting conditions
- Have regular eye examinations
Myopia is a common vision disorder that affects quality of life. However, it can be managed with proper treatment and preventive measures. Don’t neglect regular eye check-ups to protect your eye health!