Femtosecond laser (FS) is a special infrared laser with a wavelength of 1053nm that allows for precisely targeted incisions in procedures such as cataract and corneal surgery.

Femtosecond lasers work based on the principle of inducing photoablation or photoionization in optically transparent tissues such as the cornea. With the application of the laser, rapidly expanding free electrons and ionized molecules in the treated tissue cause disruption of the tissue and formation of air bubbles.

• Creating flaps for LASIK in the cornea,
• Astigmatism-correcting incisions,
• Creating channels for inserting rings into the cornea (ICRS),
• Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE),

Main advantages of femtosecond laser:

• Reduced frequency of flap complications during Lasik procedures such as possible tears, irregular, or inadequate cuts,
• Ability to provide more surgeon choice and control over flap diameter and thickness, cut angle, flap position, and length,
• Ability to cut thinner flaps that may allow treatment of thin corneas and high refractive errors,
• Providing stronger and smoother flap adhesion and better contrast sensitivity after treatment,
• Reduced likelihood of dry eyes after laser procedures,
• Ability to safely interrupt treatment if FS laser ablation is incomplete.

Main disadvantages of femtosecond laser:

• Occasional accumulation of gas bubbles on the flap interface during treatment, which may sometimes prolong the treatment process,
• Potential for temporary light sensitivity,
• High cost.