SEVGİGÖZ | Diseases and Treatments | Eyelid Diseases, Surgeries, and Eyelid Aesthetics (Oculoplasty)

Göz Kapağı Ameliyatları ve Estetiği (Oküloplasti)

EYELID AESTHETICS (OCULOPLASTY)

Oculoplasty is a branch that deals with diseases of the eyelids and the area around the eyes. These diseases include:

Drooping eyelid (Ptosis)
Drooping and puffiness of the eyelids (Blepharochalasis)
Inward turning of the eyelid (Entropion)
Outward turning of the eyelid (Ectropion)
Masses and tumors of the eyelid (Stye, chalazion, nevus...)
Inward turning eyelashes (Trichiasis, distichiasis)
Fat deposits on the eyelid (Xanthelasma)
Eyelid anomalies (Cysts, coloboma)
Thyroid-related eye diseases (thyroid ophthalmopathy)
Drooping of the eyebrows (Brow ptosis)
Almond eye aesthetics
Inability to close the eyelids (Lagophthalmos)
Involuntary eyelid spasms (Blepharospasm)
Botox application

1. PTOSIS (DROOPING OF THE EYELID)

If the upper eyelid covers the pupil by more than 1 mm, this is called drooping of the eyelid (ptosis).

Causes of ptosis:

Congenital (present at birth)
Age-related
Due to muscle diseases
Due to neurogenic diseases
Due to trauma
Due to surgical procedures

Eyelid drooping can cause not only aesthetic problems but also vision impairment. Especially in congenital ptosis, if it obstructs the field of vision, it can lead to amblyopia (lazy eye) in children. Ptosis treatment can be done surgically. The method is determined based on the strength of the eye muscle, and the surgery takes approximately one hour. It can be performed under local or general anesthesia.

2. DROOPING AND PUFFINESS OF THE EYELIDS (BLEPHAROCHALASIS)

Blepharochalasis involves sagging, puffiness, edema, and fat herniation in the skin of the eyelids. Due to the excess and weight on the eyelid, the patient appears older and more tired than they are. In advanced stages, this sagging can narrow the field of vision from the sides, causing visual impairment and headaches.

Factors contributing to blepharochalasis include aging, genetic factors, thyroid diseases, allergic edema, trauma, smoking and alcohol use, and lack of sleep.

Sagging and puffiness of the eyelids can occur in both the upper and lower eyelids.

Upper eyelid surgery is performed under local anesthesia and takes about an hour. Excess skin and fat tissue on the eyelid are removed. The incision site is hidden in the eyelid crease. Bruising and swelling may occur after surgery. Stitches are removed one week after surgery. Full recovery of the eyelid takes one to two months. Eyelid surgery does not obstruct the patient's vision.

Lower eyelid surgery is performed under sedation or general anesthesia. It takes approximately 2-2.5 hours. Excess skin and fat tissue are removed. Depending on the patient's skin structure and age, the lower eyelid surgery can be performed either from the inside of the eyelid or with an incision close to the lash line on the outside. Stitches are removed one week after surgery.

3. INWARD TURNING OF THE EYELID (ENTROPION)

Entropion is the condition where the eyelids turn inward towards the eye due to aging, trauma, surgeries, or neurogenic reasons, causing the eyelashes to touch the cornea and conjunctiva. This leads to symptoms such as tearing, redness, and pain due to the eyelashes irritating the eye, and it impairs vision quality. Treatment is possible through surgical intervention, performed by experienced ophthalmologists.

4. OUTWARD TURNING OF THE EYELID (ECTROPION)

Ectropion refers to the outward turning of the eyelid due to aging, trauma, masses, or neurogenic reasons.

This condition causes symptoms such as redness, pain, irritation, and dryness due to the eye being exposed.

Treatment is possible through surgical intervention.

5. MASSES AND TUMORS OF THE EYELID

Styes, chalazions, sweat and sebaceous gland cysts, nevi (moles), and warts on the eyelid can be surgically corrected.

Fat deposits on the eyelid are called xanthelasma. These can occur due to high cholesterol levels, often linked to genetic factors. Treatment is possible through surgical intervention. Styes are small cysts that form due to the blockage of the openings of the sebaceous glands at the lash line. These meibomian glands are prone to blockage, swelling, and inflammation, especially in individuals with seborrheic skin. This blockage can cause symptoms such as pain, redness, irritation, and swelling. Initially, there is a chance of improvement with warm compresses and medication. If the chalazion (persistent stye) does not resolve within a month, surgical treatment or injection into the cyst is planned. Surgery takes about 10-15 minutes under local anesthesia.

6. TRICHIASIS (INWARD TURNING OF THE EYELASHES), DISTICHIASIS

Eyelashes at the edge of the eyelid can turn inward due to congenital reasons or various causes in older age. Sometimes normal eyelashes turn inward (trichiasis), and sometimes an extra row of abnormal eyelashes irritates the eye (distichiasis).

In these cases, symptoms such as irritation, tearing, and redness occur.

Treatment options include eyelid surgery, laser applications, and cryotherapy (freezing) of the eyelashes.

7. BROW PTOSIS (DROOPING OF THE EYEBROWS)

With age, our skin sags downwards due to the effects of gravity. This can cause sagging of the eyelids as well as the eyebrows to descend from their normal position. Brow ptosis can give the patient a sad, old, and tired appearance. In patients with both eyelid drooping and brow ptosis, eyelid surgery alone is not sufficient; the eyebrow position also needs to be corrected. Treatment is possible through surgical intervention. Under local anesthesia, skin tissue is removed from the outer edge of the brow to lift it. A fine line scar may remain at the brow edge, which can fade over time. The surgery takes about an hour and is performed under local anesthesia. Stitches are removed one week after surgery.

8. ALMOND EYE AESTHETICS

In a healthy eye, the eyelid covers the lower border of the pupil, and the outer corner of the eye is higher than the inner corner. This appearance makes a person's gaze more attractive and meaningful. For individuals whose lower eyelid is lower, the outer corner of the lid can be surgically lifted. The surgery takes about an hour and can be performed under local anesthesia. Almond eye aesthetics can be combined with other eyelid surgeries.

9. LAGOPHTHALMOS (INABILITY TO CLOSE THE EYELIDS)

Lagophthalmos occurs when the eyelid movements are impaired, often due to neurological conditions like facial paralysis, preventing the eyes from closing completely. Besides neurogenic causes, trauma, surgical interventions, and post-eyelid surgery can also result in lagophthalmos. It is crucial that eyelid surgeries are performed by experienced specialist ophthalmologists. Treatment for lagophthalmos is planned based on the underlying cause. It can be treated with temporary or permanent sutures, bandage applications, gold plaque implants, and other surgical methods.

10. THYROID-RELATED EYE DISEASES

When the thyroid gland is overactive, it can cause swelling in the eye muscles and connective tissue, leading to protrusion of the eyes, eyelid retraction (excessive opening), dryness, pain, redness, and double vision. It is essential for thyroid hormone levels to be managed by an endocrinologist, followed by surgical or medical treatments for the eyes.

11. INVOLUNTARY EYELID SPASMS (BLEPHAROSPASM)

Blepharospasm is the term for increased involuntary contractions of the eye muscles due to neurogenic causes. Dry eyes and allergies can trigger this condition. Treatment options include Botox applications or radical surgical procedures targeting the eye muscles.

12. BOTOX APPLICATIONS IN EYE AREA AESTHETICS

Wrinkles can form on our skin due to aging, genetic factors, ultraviolet exposure, environmental factors, trauma, and excessive use of facial expressions. The skin around the eyes is particularly thin and prone to wrinkling. One of the areas of interest in eye aesthetics is the use of Botox to eliminate wrinkles in the crow's feet area, between the eyebrows, and on the forehead. Botox is a toxin derived from bacteria that temporarily reduces muscle contractions by affecting the nerve-muscle junction, thereby smoothing fine wrinkles and preventing the formation of deep wrinkles over time. The effects of Botox last between 3-4 months. Botox is injected into the muscles with very fine needles, and the full effect is visible by the 14th day post-procedure.

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